{"id":111,"date":"2025-01-31T10:08:44","date_gmt":"2025-01-31T18:08:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sbs.wsu.edu\/ownbeyherbarium\/?page_id=111"},"modified":"2025-04-02T13:19:54","modified_gmt":"2025-04-02T20:19:54","slug":"ferns-and-lycophytes","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/sbs.wsu.edu\/ownbeyherbarium\/floras-in-se-washington-n-idaho\/flora-of-the-columbia-plateau-and-blue-mountains-in-washington\/ferns-and-lycophytes\/","title":{"rendered":"Ferns and Lycophytes"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"wsu-hero wsu-width--full wsu-pattern--wsu-light-radial-left  wsu-hero--size-small \">\n\t\n\t<div class=\"wsu-image-frame wsu-image-frame--fill\">\n\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/wp-cas\/uploads\/sites\/3476\/2025\/01\/1629504000.jpg\"\n\t\tsrcset=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/wp-cas\/uploads\/sites\/3476\/2025\/01\/1629504000.jpg 2000w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/wp-cas\/uploads\/sites\/3476\/2025\/01\/1629504000.jpg 300w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/wp-cas\/uploads\/sites\/3476\/2025\/01\/1629504000.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/wp-cas\/uploads\/sites\/3476\/2025\/01\/1629504000.jpg 768w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/wp-cas\/uploads\/sites\/3476\/2025\/01\/1629504000.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/wp-cas\/uploads\/sites\/3476\/2025\/01\/1629504000.jpg 150w\"\n\t\tsizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\"\n\t\talt=\"Local flora.\"\n\t\tstyle=\"object-position: 50% 50%\"\n\t\t\/>\n<\/div>\n\n\t<div class=\"wsu-overlay wsu-pattern-after wsu-overlay--none wsu-pattern--none\"><\/div>\n\t<div class=\"wsu-hero__content\">\n\t\t<div class=\"wsu-hero__caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ferns and Lycophytes<\/h1>\n\n\n<div class=\"wsu-row wsu-row--sidebar-right\" >\r\n    \n<div class=\"wsu-column\"  style=\"\">\r\n\t\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Key to Families:<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ol>\n<li>Plants floating or submerged aquatics (sometimes appearing terrestrial when present in drying vernal pools), with or without floating leaf blades. \u2026 2.\n<ul>\n<li>Plants not floating or submerged aquatics (if submerged then only ephemerally so and not restricted to those conditions), leaf blades various. \u2026 4.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Plants floating aquatics, not rooting in soil. \u2026\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/sbs.wsu.edu\/ownbeyherbarium\/floras-in-se-washington-n-idaho\/flora-of-the-columbia-plateau-and-blue-mountains-in-washington\/ferns-and-lycophytes\/salviniaceae\/\">Salviniaceae<\/a>\n<ul>\n<li>Plants rooted in soil, not floating. \u2026 3.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Leaves all fertile, linear, in dense rosettes from subterranean corm, each with sporangium imbedded in base. \u2026\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/sbs.wsu.edu\/ownbeyherbarium\/floras-in-se-washington-n-idaho\/flora-of-the-columbia-plateau-and-blue-mountains-in-washington\/ferns-and-lycophytes\/isoetaceae\/\" data-type=\"page\" data-id=\"356\">Isoetaceae<\/a>\n<ul>\n<li>Leaves of two forms, one linear with 0-4 fan-shaped pinnae at apex, the other modified into a bean-shaped sporocarp that is submerged and on a short stalk near the rhizome. \u2026\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/sbs.wsu.edu\/ownbeyherbarium\/floras-in-se-washington-n-idaho\/flora-of-the-columbia-plateau-and-blue-mountains-in-washington\/ferns-and-lycophytes\/marsileaceae\/\">Marsileaceae<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Stems grooved lengthwise and jointed at nodes; spores in terminal, fleshy cones. \u2026\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/sbs.wsu.edu\/ownbeyherbarium\/floras-in-se-washington-n-idaho\/flora-of-the-columbia-plateau-and-blue-mountains-in-washington\/ferns-and-lycophytes\/equisetaceae\/\" data-type=\"page\" data-id=\"358\">Equisetaceae<\/a>\n<ul>\n<li>Stems not grooved lengthwise or jointed at nodes; spores in leaf axils or underside of leaf surface. \u2026 5.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Plants moss-like, leaves simple and needle-like; spores in leaf axils \u2026\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/sbs.wsu.edu\/ownbeyherbarium\/floras-in-se-washington-n-idaho\/flora-of-the-columbia-plateau-and-blue-mountains-in-washington\/ferns-and-lycophytes\/selaginellaceae\/\" data-type=\"page\" data-id=\"359\">Selaginellaceae<\/a>\n<ul>\n<li>Plants fern-like, leaves compound or pinnately lobed; spores on underside of leaf surface. \u2026 6.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Plants with leaves split into separate vegetative and reproductive sections. \u2026\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/sbs.wsu.edu\/ownbeyherbarium\/floras-in-se-washington-n-idaho\/flora-of-the-columbia-plateau-and-blue-mountains-in-washington\/ferns-and-lycophytes\/ophioglossaceae\/\" data-type=\"page\" data-id=\"370\">Ophioglossaceae<\/a>\n<ul>\n<li>Plants with leaves not separated into distinctive vegetative and reproductive parts. \u2026 7.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Spore clusters (sori) near the leaflet margins, appearing elongate, usually at least partially covered by the in-rolled or curled leaflet margins. \u2026 8.\n<ul>\n<li>Sori on or along veins between leaflet margin and midrib, mostly round in outline; leaflet margins usually flat, rarely inrolled or curled. \u2026 9.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Generally 5-20 dm tall, sori continuous on leaf edge and covered by inrolled margin. \u2026\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/sbs.wsu.edu\/ownbeyherbarium\/floras-in-se-washington-n-idaho\/flora-of-the-columbia-plateau-and-blue-mountains-in-washington\/ferns-and-lycophytes\/dennstaedtiaceae\/\" data-type=\"page\" data-id=\"371\">Dennstaedtiaceae<\/a>\n<ul>\n<li>Generally less than 2 dm, if taller then sori covered by individual reflexed lobe tips of the leaf segments. \u2026\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/sbs.wsu.edu\/ownbeyherbarium\/floras-in-se-washington-n-idaho\/flora-of-the-columbia-plateau-and-blue-mountains-in-washington\/ferns-and-lycophytes\/cystopteridaceae\/\" data-type=\"page\" data-id=\"376\">Pteridaceae<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Indusium peltate or kidney-shaped. \u2026\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/sbs.wsu.edu\/ownbeyherbarium\/floras-in-se-washington-n-idaho\/flora-of-the-columbia-plateau-and-blue-mountains-in-washington\/ferns-and-lycophytes\/dryopteridaceae\/\" data-type=\"page\" data-id=\"373\">Dryopteridaceae<\/a>\n<ul>\n<li>Indusium absent, or if present then a hyline flap along vein margin, or segmented in sections, sometimes hair-like, never peltate or kidney-shaped. \u2026 10.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Leaves divided to once-pinnate. \u2026\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/sbs.wsu.edu\/ownbeyherbarium\/floras-in-se-washington-n-idaho\/flora-of-the-columbia-plateau-and-blue-mountains-in-washington\/ferns-and-lycophytes\/polypodiaceae\/\">Polypodiaceae<\/a>\n<ul>\n<li>Leaves twice-pinnate or more. \u2026 11.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Leaves 2-8 dm; persistent petiole bases course, flattened, at least 3 mm wide. \u2026\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/sbs.wsu.edu\/ownbeyherbarium\/floras-in-se-washington-n-idaho\/flora-of-the-columbia-plateau-and-blue-mountains-in-washington\/ferns-and-lycophytes\/athyriaceae\/\">Athyriaceae<\/a>\n<ul>\n<li>Leaves not more than 3.5 dm; petioles less than 2 mm wide. \u2026 12.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Veins on leaf blades extenting to margin (very noticable on adaxial side up leaf); petiole bases not persistent. \u2026\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/sbs.wsu.edu\/ownbeyherbarium\/floras-in-se-washington-n-idaho\/flora-of-the-columbia-plateau-and-blue-mountains-in-washington\/ferns-and-lycophytes\/cystopteridaceae\/\" data-type=\"page\" data-id=\"376\">Cystopteridaceae<\/a>\n<ul>\n<li>Veins on leaf blades not extending to margin (sometimes veins hard to see on adaxial side of leaf); petiole bases persistent. \u2026\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/sbs.wsu.edu\/ownbeyherbarium\/floras-in-se-washington-n-idaho\/flora-of-the-columbia-plateau-and-blue-mountains-in-washington\/ferns-and-lycophytes\/woodsiaceae\/\" data-type=\"page\" data-id=\"377\">Woodsiaceae<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n<\/div>\r\n\n\n<div class=\"wsu-column\"  style=\"\">\r\n\t\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading  wsu-font-size--large\">Quicklinks<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\" wsu-list--columns-1\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/sbs.wsu.edu\/ownbeyherbarium\/floras-in-se-washington-n-idaho\/flora-of-the-columbia-plateau-and-blue-mountains-in-washington\/ferns-and-lycophytes\/salviniaceae\/\" data-type=\"page\" data-id=\"355\">Salviniaceae<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/sbs.wsu.edu\/ownbeyherbarium\/floras-in-se-washington-n-idaho\/flora-of-the-columbia-plateau-and-blue-mountains-in-washington\/ferns-and-lycophytes\/isoetaceae\/\" data-type=\"page\" data-id=\"356\">Isoetaceae<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/sbs.wsu.edu\/ownbeyherbarium\/floras-in-se-washington-n-idaho\/flora-of-the-columbia-plateau-and-blue-mountains-in-washington\/ferns-and-lycophytes\/marsileaceae\/\" data-type=\"page\" data-id=\"357\">Marsileaceae<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/sbs.wsu.edu\/ownbeyherbarium\/floras-in-se-washington-n-idaho\/flora-of-the-columbia-plateau-and-blue-mountains-in-washington\/ferns-and-lycophytes\/equisetaceae\/\" data-type=\"page\" data-id=\"358\">Equisetaceae<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/sbs.wsu.edu\/ownbeyherbarium\/floras-in-se-washington-n-idaho\/flora-of-the-columbia-plateau-and-blue-mountains-in-washington\/ferns-and-lycophytes\/selaginellaceae\/\" data-type=\"page\" data-id=\"359\">Selaginellaceae<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/sbs.wsu.edu\/ownbeyherbarium\/floras-in-se-washington-n-idaho\/flora-of-the-columbia-plateau-and-blue-mountains-in-washington\/ferns-and-lycophytes\/ophioglossaceae\/\" data-type=\"page\" data-id=\"370\">Ophioglossaceae<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/sbs.wsu.edu\/ownbeyherbarium\/floras-in-se-washington-n-idaho\/flora-of-the-columbia-plateau-and-blue-mountains-in-washington\/ferns-and-lycophytes\/dennstaedtiaceae\/\" data-type=\"page\" data-id=\"371\">Dennstaedtiaceae<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/sbs.wsu.edu\/ownbeyherbarium\/floras-in-se-washington-n-idaho\/flora-of-the-columbia-plateau-and-blue-mountains-in-washington\/ferns-and-lycophytes\/cystopteridaceae\/\" data-type=\"page\" data-id=\"376\">Pteridaceae<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/sbs.wsu.edu\/ownbeyherbarium\/floras-in-se-washington-n-idaho\/flora-of-the-columbia-plateau-and-blue-mountains-in-washington\/ferns-and-lycophytes\/dryopteridaceae\/\" data-type=\"page\" data-id=\"373\">Dryopteridaceae<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/sbs.wsu.edu\/ownbeyherbarium\/floras-in-se-washington-n-idaho\/flora-of-the-columbia-plateau-and-blue-mountains-in-washington\/ferns-and-lycophytes\/polypodiaceae\/\" data-type=\"page\" data-id=\"374\">Polypodiaceae<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/sbs.wsu.edu\/ownbeyherbarium\/floras-in-se-washington-n-idaho\/flora-of-the-columbia-plateau-and-blue-mountains-in-washington\/ferns-and-lycophytes\/athyriaceae\/\" data-type=\"page\" data-id=\"375\">Athyriaceae<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/sbs.wsu.edu\/ownbeyherbarium\/floras-in-se-washington-n-idaho\/flora-of-the-columbia-plateau-and-blue-mountains-in-washington\/ferns-and-lycophytes\/cystopteridaceae\/\" data-type=\"page\" data-id=\"376\">Cystopteridaceae<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/sbs.wsu.edu\/ownbeyherbarium\/floras-in-se-washington-n-idaho\/flora-of-the-columbia-plateau-and-blue-mountains-in-washington\/ferns-and-lycophytes\/woodsiaceae\/\" data-type=\"page\" data-id=\"377\">Woodsiaceae<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<\/div>\r\n\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ferns and Lycophytes<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":45,"featured_media":0,"parent":109,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":[],"categories":[],"tags":[],"wsuwp_university_location":[],"wsuwp_university_org":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbs.wsu.edu\/ownbeyherbarium\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/111"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbs.wsu.edu\/ownbeyherbarium\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbs.wsu.edu\/ownbeyherbarium\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbs.wsu.edu\/ownbeyherbarium\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/45"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbs.wsu.edu\/ownbeyherbarium\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=111"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/sbs.wsu.edu\/ownbeyherbarium\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/111\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":436,"href":"https:\/\/sbs.wsu.edu\/ownbeyherbarium\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/111\/revisions\/436"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbs.wsu.edu\/ownbeyherbarium\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/109"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbs.wsu.edu\/ownbeyherbarium\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=111"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbs.wsu.edu\/ownbeyherbarium\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=111"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbs.wsu.edu\/ownbeyherbarium\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=111"},{"taxonomy":"wsuwp_university_location","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbs.wsu.edu\/ownbeyherbarium\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wsuwp_university_location?post=111"},{"taxonomy":"wsuwp_university_org","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbs.wsu.edu\/ownbeyherbarium\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wsuwp_university_org?post=111"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}